Education As A Social Function - 991 Words

. According to John Dewey education plays a large role in the development of an individual and it is an element that separates humans from other animals. It is important to try to comprehend what Dewey means by this and in order to do so the following must be done. First, one must understand the role education plays in an individual and Dewey’s notions of education in the areas of growth, direction and social function. Second, after comprehending Dewey’s notions of education in the areas of growth, direction, and social function, one must be able to grasp the distinction between education as a social function and the simple notion of training and what sets these two apart. Third, after being able to comprehend the notions of education and the distinction between education as a social function and training, the idea of why education is distinctive of human life will be further developed. Now, it is necessary to understand Dewey’s notions of education in the areas of growth, direction, and social function; a brief summary of each will be given. The first notion of education that will be addressed, is that of education in the area of growth. Dewey makes it clear that education does not consist of routine and that routine only hinders an individual’s growth (in the area of learning) (Dewey 53). Dewey believed immaturity to be the primary condition of growth; he furthers this idea by redefining the meaning of immaturity as the potential, capacity, or power to grow and not as aShow MoreRelatedAssess the view that the main function of the education system is to reproduce and legitimise social inequalities930 Words   |  4 PagesThe education system has faults and many inequalities throughout it. The inequalities can be seen in many different areas including, meritocracy, different social classes, gender and ethnic inequalities, racism, cultural capital, and repressive state apparatuses etc. Various sociologists have different views about the education system and what the inequalities consist of. The neo-Marxist Althusser (1971) disagrees that the main function of the education is the transmission of common values. HeRead MoreSociological Perspectives On Education Theory And Practice Essay1351 Words   |  6 PagesSOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES AND THEIR APPLICABILITY IN EDUCATION THEORY AND PRACTICE Presented by: NDUNG’U M. JOSEPH 2016/ED/33284 To MRS. R. GITONGA APRIL 2016 1.1 Overview The word theory merely refers to a particular kind of explanation. Leedy and Ormrod (2005) point out: â€Å"A theory is an organized body of concepts and principles intended to explain a particular phenomenon†. Thus, theories explain â€Å"How† and â€Å"Why† something operates as it does (Johnson Christensen, 2007). As statedRead MoreThe Function Of Education By Sociologists And Educators874 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction American education serves both political (power) and economic needs, which dictates the function of education. Today, there is a huge debate on the function of education by sociologists and educators. Specifically this paper will not only address the functions of education but also, educational issues that affect both spectrums of society. Because it is known that education does promote social inequality through the use of tracking and standardized testing and the impact of its hiddenRead MoreThe Latent Functions of Education685 Words   |  3 PagesManifest and latent functions of education Education can be defined as a learning process in which a student and a teacher are involved. The work of the teacher is to pass on the message to the student while the student understands and applies what has been taught. It is also considered as a process of developing skills, knowledge and character of an individual. Education, whether formal or informal, has a function both to the individual and the society, these functions are either manifest or latentRead MoreThe Importance Of Education And Medicine1004 Words   |  5 PagesTwo very important aspects of every society are education and medicine. Education is defined as â€Å"the social institution through which society provides its members with important knowledge, including basic facts, job skills and cultural norms and values† (Macionis). It’s about much more than learning about math and grammar. Education has many functions that go beyond what it’s formally intended to do. Medicine is defined as  "the social institution that focuses on fighting disease and improving health†Read More Marxist Perspective on Education Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pages Education system is seen as an important part of the superstructure in society. This statement was written in a Marxism perspective by individuals who see education not just an important part of the superstructure but as well an important aspect in a child life. Even though Karl Marx himself did not widely write about education, many of his followers did. This paper will look at how class and alienation which is a theory that Karl Marx wrote, plays a part in education and a general look at the perspectiveRead MoreSocial Institutions And Its Impact On Society1602 Words   |  7 PagesIn the context of the overall development of an individual, social institutions in a society play an important role. There are some major social institutions which have considerable impacts on the lives of the members of society, such as religion and education. These institution act as the means of providing opportunity for the overall development of individuals. In this regard it can be said that â€Å"The role of religion is to remind republican citizens of their duties to and reliance upon God. VirtueRead MoreIn A Postmodern Industrialized Nation Like The United States1424 Words   |  6 Pageskind of personal freedom and individual success that has been fundamental for advancing our society in the past. This means that as far as the U.S. citizen is concerned, everyone should be given the opportunity to educate themselves and improve their social and economic position to the best of their ability. As Americans, we should have the right to make our own personal contribution to our society. This is the fabric that holds our nation together. It has been woven historically into our culture, andRead MoreFunctionalist And Conflict Paradigm Of The Role Schooling And Education1580 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. once said that â€Å"the function of education is to teach one to think intensively and to think critically. Intelligence plus character – that is the goal of true education†. When we think of schooling and education and what it really entails many might assume it serves the same function. In this essay we shall elaborate on the views of the functionalist and conflict paradigm of the role schooling and education, we will also look at the differences and similarities of the two theoriesRead MoreImpact Of Social Institutions On Caribbean Culture1223 Words   |  5 Pagesdifferent social institutions: family, education, political systems †¢ Understand the main ideas of the Marxist and Functionalist perspectives †¢ Understand the Marxist and perspective on social institutions Functionalist Social Institutions †¢ Social Institutions are a fundamental part of the operations of society. They are the major organising framework in social life. Social institutions have evolved overtime and therefore embody what the society holds valuable in relation to family, education, religion

The World Has Advanced Over The Centuries. To Ensure...

The world has advanced over the centuries. To ensure progression and growth, society must embrace organizations which support improving the quality of human life. The United Nations is one such organization that has ensured the well-being of the human race by collaborating internationally on how to tactically approach conflicts. From combating terrorism to eradicating smallpox, the United Nations has resolved numerous foreign issues and international crises. The creation of the United Nations continues to be critical because the organization is a fundamental necessity for global peace, good relations, and development. First, the creation of the United Nations continues to be crucial as it is a fundamental necessity for global peace. In†¦show more content†¦The organization has also been working to prevent sexual violence. Unrightfully, rape has been used as a weapon of war. During the genocide of Rwanda, a whopping 250,000 women fell victim to this act. This terrible crime has also been used in the civil war of Sierra Leone, the breakup of Yugoslavia, war in Liberia, and war in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Sexual violence has also characterized conflicts in many Islamic nations. The UN has helped countries implement laws that criminalize war rape, and prevent perpetrators from punishment exemption. Although the UN has made mistakes in the past, lessons are learned and improvements are made. One such mistake was the massacre of Srebrenica. During the Yugoslavian War, ethnic groups were fighting for independence, and eventually, Yugoslavia broke apart. Today, Yugoslavian land is owned by Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and other Eastern European nations. The town of Srebrenica was meant to be a safe haven for Bosnian Muslims. The UN authorized the town as a safe zone, with 60 Dutch peacekeepers guarding the town. However, peace came to catastrophe in July 1995, and Serbs were coming to invade. To start off the massacre, Serbs shelled the city, and took 30 Dutch peacekeepers hostage. Dutch Colonel Thom Karremans asked the UN for air support. However, the UN did not respond, thinking everything was under control. As the days followed, more men and boys were killed. At the end of the massacre, the DutchShow MoreRelatedRelations between China and Russia after the Fall of the Soviet Union930 Words   |  4 PagesGood-Neighborliness and Friendly Cooperation in 2001. With the end of the Soviet Union following the end of the Cold War, Beijing’s relationship with Moscow improved amid massive changes in the relative power between the two former adversaries. China advanced dramatically in economic modernization and international prominence, becoming the world’s fastest-rising power. Russia seemed to struggle for a decade, losing the military, economic, and other elements that had made the Soviet Union a major powerRead MoreHow Technology Has Made A Great Impact On The World Of Sports Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pagesmaterials improvement has made a great impact in the world of sports, specifically within the past century; therefore, the next important point to clarify is my definition of â€Å"impact†. When an object has an impact on another object, the initial object obviously has some sort of effect on that receiving object. More specific to sports though, I define â€Å"impact† as improved performance by athletes that p rogresses the sport to the next level of ability. Year after year, new world records are establishedRead MoreThe Most Significant Of The Scientific Theories Have Made Considerable Progression1372 Words   |  6 PagesOver the course of the millenniums, scientific theories have made considerable progression. At times improving sluggishly, where at times growing rapidly and skyrocketing. Some regions unprosperous than others at times, while others majorly succeeding where other nations are failing. These peaks and valleys are what provision the evolution of theories. The most significant of the preceding times was the era of Aristotle the philosopher around three hundred B.C., who helped lend a foundation for theRead MoreRadiation Therapy As A Treatment For Cancer1173 Words   |  5 Pagespeople around the world. Radiotherapy is one of the well known various methods used to treat cancer, where high powered rays are aimed directly at the tumor from the outside of the body as external radiation or an instrument is surgically placed in side the body producing a result of internal radiation. Radiation is delivered to the cancerous regions of the body to damage and destroy the cells in that area, terminating the rapid growth and division of the cells. Radiation therapy has been used by medicineRead MoreAiding The Future. Beginning At A Very Early Age, Children1692 Words   |  7 Pages Aiding the Future Beginning at a very early age, children are told they can change the world. Whether it be running for President of the United States, becoming a professional athlete, or taking a giant step for mankind in an astronaut suit, children believe they are invincible. For some kids, this belief holds true growing up, while those who struggle with behavioral and mental disorders are left feeling insignificant and unimportant. With a good-sized amount of the childhood population provingRead MoreThe Romanticism Of The 19th Century1289 Words   |  6 PagesThe Romanticism art movement in Europe blossomed during the late 18th century and stressed the importance of individuality and emotions. With the advent of this revolutionary style of painting, it would later provide a basis for future works of art. Romanticism occurred as a response to the societal norms of the century and the Enlightenment, a previous intellectual movement. The characteristics typical of Romanticism consists of landscape s, freedom, and beauty. John Martin s Ruins of an AncientRead MoreThe Epidemic Of Infectious Diseases Essay1549 Words   |  7 PagesFor thousands of years, infectious diseases have had a strong influence over human populations by challenging the immune system to continuously adapt to new virulent strains. With the advantage of reproducing more rapidly than the human immune response, microorganisms that cause even minor infections can prove to be fatal (Parham, 2015). Over time, outbreaks such as ‘The Great Plague’ have threatened to bring an end to society. Without the ability to contain these diseases geographically and provideRead MoreUnited States Engagement During War1963 Words   |  8 Pageshundred years, the United States has been part of numerous regional and global wars. Logically, its engagement in these wars had foundations on various reasons, and it employed numerous tactics to ensure that it emerged victorious in each instance. Besides, these wars had d ifferent implications, some of which are still significantly relevant to the contemporary society. Since its establishment as a superpower at the beginning of the twentieth century, the United States has engaged in some legitimate warsRead MoreThe Rise Of The Roman Empire1428 Words   |  6 Pagesthe early civilization is very similar to the type of democracy that we have in the United States over a thousand years later. Although an empire consists of one dominant ruler, similar to a dictatorÍ ¾ The Roman Empire still had vast similarities with the type of democracy we see in the United States today. When the Etruscan King was driven out of power towards the end of the sixth century, the Romans became independent while conquering the Etruscans. After this, the Romans adopted a styleRead MoreAnimal Testing And Its Effects On Human Health1146 Words   |  5 Pagessimilar in more ways than one. Animal testing has proven to be a valuable asset in scientific research, cosmetic manufacturing, and drug development (About Us). Animal research, testing, and experimentation has assisted other countries, for example, in the United Kingdom over 400,000 people with Type 1 diabetes now have insulin to rely on. â€Å"Animal research and testing has played a part in almost every medical breakthrough of the last century. It has saved hundreds of millions of lives worldwide†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 

Major Alterations of Management and Organization Free-Samples

Question: Identify and Explain in detail two pressures on Organisations and Managers in the current Business Environment and how Managers can alleviate these Pressures. Answer: Introduction The business environment is one of the most dynamic factors affecting organizations. In fact, the diverse changes regarding the concept of business greatly contribute to major alterations of management and organization. Advancements in contemporary business society have led to huge advantages for companies. However, these are also accompanied by immense pressures. This essay aims to identify two main pressures that affect organizations in the current business environment. Suggestions on how management can effectively respond to the discussed pressures will also be highlighted. The two points that make up the subject of discussion include; the changing role of business in the society, and the dynamics of organizational structures. Pressures on Organizations and Managers in the Current Business Environment The changing role of business in the society Jones and Felps (2013) discuss the concept of the stakeholder theory. Traditionally, the role of business organizations in the society was to maximize the wealth of its owners. Arguably, this role was considered as a massive contribution to social welfare. The ideology was supported by the fact that the existence of business was good for social welfare through profit maximization of wealth, production of much needed goods and services, and the creation of jobs which translates to supporting livelihoods. However, this is not the case in contemporary society (Jones Felps, 2013). The role of business has changed as the preferences of consumers continue to change. According to Harrison and Wicks (2013), the performance metrics for organizations are no longer confined to economic performance. Businesses are now tasked with creating so much more value for their stakeholders. One of the main demands that go beyond economic performance is corporate social responsibility (CSR). Goel and Ramanathan (2014) define CSR as an integral part of organizational ethics and operations. CSR now governs both organizational strategies and brand images in the eyes of the consumers. Consequently, management is pressured towards satisfying the rising demands for social responsibility in all business operation. Wakefield (2016) brings into focus some of the most recent social responsibility concerns plaguing some of the largest manufacturing companies. Sony, Apple and Samsung face charges of child labor claims in addition to unfavorable working conditions for their workers (Wakefield, 2016). These among claims of environment degradation through pollution because of improper waste management put pressure on contemporary businesses. In essence, contrary to the traditional stakeholder theory, the main role of business organizations is to protect the environment they work in. co rporate social responsibility has become a viable performance metric. Consequently, organizational management has to devise ways to cope with the changed. The first of which is to alter the process and concept of strategy development. Considering that consumers now measure success by weighing a companys impact on the environment, companies have to make their strategies green-oriented. Such strategies involve minimizing the companys carbon footprint, protecting the rights of their employees and exercising consumer advocacy. Customer advocacy is a business approach that does what is best for the consumer. It works on the assumption that satisfied customers translate to higher repeat sales and improved brand within the society. The utilization of customer advocacy is a tool that management can use to create a relationship with the consumer base (Urban, 2004). Organizational structures The rise of a globalized economy has led to a range of changes within the business environment. Companies have reached across the world to tap into new markets. The development of mergers and joint ventures is now a common occurrence; opening doors to high profit margins and a wider variety of markets, and business opportunities. However, little is said about the increased pressures experienced by management of international corporations. Among the contemporary management theories, the bureaucratic theory advocates the development of a hierarchical organizational structure with a well defined line of authority (Kessler, 2013). This is the most common form of organizational structure; even in international corporations. The development of international teams presents communications constraints, not to mention the effects of culture shocks and conflicts. In addition, working in an international scale requires outsourcing some business functions to increase efficiency. Consequently, the basic organizational structure suggested by the bureaucratic theory has become so much more complex in recent times. Organizations and management experience pressures that arise from handling large volumes of employees who have different cultures, perceptions and languages. Shahrina, Sivapalan, Bhattacharyya, Wan Ahmad, Abdullah (2014) investigate the link between communication climate and efficiency within organizations. An unfavorable communication climate hinders both vertical and horizontal communication within organizations. Therefore, managers should seek to create a good communication climate as a way to strengthen the functions of organizational structures. In addition, management should also cultivate an organizational culture to bridge the gap resulting from differing employee cultures. An effective organizational culture reduces the effects of culture shock because it is present in all subsidiaries and branches of the company regardless of location. Despite these efforts, the existence of international teams is bound to bring about conflict. Therefore, management and organizations should invest in Standard Operating Protocols (SOPs) for reference where conflict occurs. Efficient conflict management is essential for movement of information up and down the hierarchy of authority. The rise of technology is also an undeniable growth factor within the current business sector. Multi-national corporations should invest in the latest and most efficient technologies to improve communication channels across borders. Hence, strategic flexibility to ensure high adaptability to changing technology and production demands is necessary for organizational success. Conclusion Change is said to be the only permanent factor in the world. The business environment has been subject to change; leading to the alteration of major business strategies, functions and structures. The rise of a global economy gave way to two major pressing issues of organizations and management. The first of this is the alteration of the business role in the society. The rising concern for environmental degradation has led to increased demands on organizations to be socially responsible. Consequently, the role of organizations has extended beyond the traditional profit maximization role. As discussed, companies now have to respect human rights by providing proper working environments, as well as avoiding social vices such as child labor. The other major issue pressuring organizations in contemporary society is the alteration of the organizational structure. Before globalizations companies often worked within their national borders. However, the rise of a multi-national business culture has complicated the standard business structure. The development of international teams across continents attracts cultural and language barriers that could hinder communication; further, the now popular concept of outsourcing business functions demands better management of the organizational supply chain. In response, managements should invest heavily in developing a common organizational culture to unify their diverse workforces. Further, organizations should also cultivate a good communication climate to encourage the flow of information. The importance of proper conflict management strategies can also not be undermined. Finally, the utilization of technology is imperative for communication efficiency in vast and diverse internation al teams. In conclusion, so many things have changed in recent times. It is the duty of organizations and management to exercise flexibility as an instrument to adapt and handle the changes. Most of the traditional theories of management have either been replaced or altered to accommodate new business ideologies. The same applies for organizations; businesses ought to be on the lookout for new threats and opportunities. It is only through proper environment analysis, and effective planning that the business sector can keep up with the changing times. References Goel, M., Ramanathan, P. E. (2014). Business ethics and corporate social responsibilityis there a dividing line? Procedia Economics and Finance, 49-59. Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C. (2013). Stakeholder theory, value, and firm performance. Business ethics quarterly, 97-124. Jones, T. M., Felps, W. (2013). Shareholder wealth maximization and social welfare: A utilitarian critique. Business Ethics Quarterly, 207-238. Kessler, E. H. (2013). Encyclopedia of Management Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA.: SAGE Publications. Shahrina, N., Sivapalan, S., Bhattacharyya, E., Wan Ahmad, H. H., Abdullah, A. (2014). Organizational Communication Climate and Conflict Management: Communications Management in an Oil and Gas Company. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 1046-1058. Urban, G. L. (2004). "The emerging era of customer advocacy. MIT Sloan Management Review, 77. Wakefield, J. (2016, January 19). Apple, Samsung and Sony face child labour claims. Retrieved from BBC News : https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-35311456

Roots Of Individualism In Europe Essays - Ecclesiology,

Roots Of Individualism In Europe Roots of Individualism in Europe During the Middle Ages, independent thought was viewed disdainfully. Almost any idea deviating from the status quo, largely determined by the Roman Catholic Church, was condemned as heresy. One convicted of such a grievous offense was often excommunicated or killed, either by means of a proper execution or by a hostile mob. However, with the decline of the Middle Ages, the conditions arose for the birth of individualism?the development of which can be traced through the Renaissance, the Reformation, and the rise of capitalism. Individualism was a radical ideological revolution that forever altered the face of Europe and the rest of the world. The beginning of individualism's gradual evolution was first manifested in the Renaissance Era. The Renaissance was a ripe time ready for change. The weakening role of the Catholic Church led to an increase in power for the masses. Corruption plagued Church officials and many sought theological respite elsewhere. The reemphasis of ancient Greek and Roman texts proffered alternatives for many to satisfy their religious needs. This helped contribute to the abolishment of the Church's imposition of its absolute truth and its claim to ultimate authority. As the church lost power, so did the political units. The bonds between church and state began to erode. Feudalism declined, Babbitt 2 hence giving rise to new political opportunity. The noble class no longer held a monopoly on the valued positions in society. Rather, one was able to pursue wealth and fame through various endeavors ranging from artist to soldier. The most empowering change of this era was the dominance of a secular attitude and the decline of church absolutism. This secular viewpoint altered man's reason for existence from an otherworldly quest to an intimate, immediate appreciation for that which exists on earth. Humanism is a primary source of individualism. Pico della Mirandola's ?Oration on the Dignity of Man? captures the essence of the humanist movement. He writes that God gave man the ability to make of himself what he wills. Although man is capable of depraved acts, he also possesses the profundity to distinguish him as a holy being. Pico praises the goodness of mankind when he writes, ?man is rightly called and judged a great miracle and a wonderful creature indeed?. This Renaissance perspective varies from the idea it replaced that held man as an intrinsically evil being. Pico's oration, representative of the Renaissance itself, placed a higher importance on mankind, hence endowing members of society with a sense of pride rather than shame in their humanity. No longer did the church determine piety and greatness, but it was the common man who was now able to make this measurement. This represents a drastic step towards individualism. The Reformation was an epoch that increased the right and power of the individual. As a reaction against rampant church corruption, Martin Luther publicized complaints against the church. Luther's criticism sparked a revolution that resulted in the Babbitt 3 formation of several new religions?Lutheranism, Calvanism, Anabaptism, and Protestantism. These new faiths undermined the church as having an absolute truth because each religion claimed to have an absolute truth of their own, separate from their counterparts. One now had the option to freely choose his or her faith rather than accept beliefs that were forced upon him. Also, theology adapted from one dictatorial faith to a variety that better suited society and its members. The people rather an establishment deemed what theological ideas were to be embraced and rejected. Lutheranism differs from Catholicism in the understanding and interpretation of three major areas: determination of salvation, source of truth, and basis of the church. The Catholic Church believed that salvation was achieved through God's grace. In other words, humans were at the mercy of God whether they were to be saved or not. Luther professed that faith was the necessary element for salvation. He wrote, ?Faith redeems, corrects, and preserves our consciences so that we know that righteousness does not consist in works? our righteousness is not in them, but in faith?. Humans, therefore, had the power of self-determination in relation to their salvation. Through faith, one could achieve salvation. The Catholic Church believed that priests, who held the power of absolution, and